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The
North Atlantic oscillation (NAO) is a climate phenomenon in the North Atlantic Ocean of fluctuations in the difference of sea-level pressure between the
Icelandic Low and the Azores high. Through east-west rocking motions of the Icelandic Low and the Azores high, it controls the strength and direction of westerly winds and
storm tracks across the North Atlantic. It is related to and highly correlated with the
Arctic oscillation.
The NAO was discovered in the 1920s by
Sir Gilbert Walker. Similar to the El Niño phenomenon in the
Pacific Ocean, the NAO is one of the most important drivers of climate fluctuations in the North Atlantic and surrounding continents.
Description
Westerly winds blowing across the Atlantic, bring moist air into Europe. In years when
westerlies are strong, summers are cool,
winters are mild and
rain is frequent. If westerlies are suppressed, the temperature is more extreme in summer and winter leading to heatwaves,
deep freezes and reduced rainfall.
A permanent low-pressure system over Iceland (the Icelandic Low) and a permanent high-pressure system over the
Azores (the Azores High) control the direction and strength of westerly winds into Europe. The relative strengths and positions of these systems vary from year to year and this variation is known as the NAO. A large difference in the pressure at the two stations (a high index year, denoted NAO+) leads to increased westerlies and, consequently, cool summers and mild and wet winters in Central Europe and its Atlantic façade. In contrast, if the index is low (NAO-), westerlies are suppressed, these areas suffer cold winters and storms track southerly toward the Mediterranean Sea. This brings increased storm activity and rainfall to southern Europe and
North Africa.
Especially during the months of November to April, the NAO is responsible for much of the variability of weather in the North Atlantic region, affecting wind speed and wind direction changes, changes in temperature and moisture distribution and the intensity, number and track of storms.
Although having a less direct influence than for Western Europe, the NAO is also believed to have an impact on the weather over much of eastern North America. During the winter, when the index is high (NAO+), the Icelandic low draws a stronger southwesterly circulation over the eastern half of the North American continent which prevents Arctic air from plunging southward. In combination with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, this effect can produce significantly warmer winters over much of the United States and southern Canada.
Related material
External links
- The Climate Analysis Group at the University of Reading's description of the North Atlantic Oscillation
- UK's climatic research unit information sheet on the NAO
- Overview paper on the NAO from the USA's National Center for Atmospheric Research
- The North Atlantic Oscillation by Martin Visbeck
- Overview of Climate Indices
The
North Atlantic oscillation (NAO) is a
climate phenomenon in the North Atlantic Ocean of fluctuations in the difference of sea-level pressure between the
Icelandic Low and the
Azores high. Through east-west rocking motions of the
Icelandic Low and the
Azores high, it controls the strength and direction of westerly winds and storm tracks across the North Atlantic. It is related to and highly correlated with the
Arctic oscillation.
The NAO was discovered in the 1920s by
Sir Gilbert Walker. Similar to the
El Niño phenomenon in the
Pacific Ocean, the NAO is one of the most important drivers of climate fluctuations in the North Atlantic and surrounding continents.
Description
Westerly winds blowing across the Atlantic, bring moist air into
Europe. In years when westerlies are strong,
summers are cool,
winters are mild and
rain is frequent. If westerlies are suppressed, the temperature is more extreme in summer and winter leading to
heatwaves, deep freezes and reduced rainfall.
A permanent low-pressure system over
Iceland (the Icelandic Low) and a permanent high-pressure system over the Azores (the Azores High) control the direction and strength of westerly winds into Europe. The relative strengths and positions of these systems vary from year to year and this variation is known as the NAO. A large difference in the pressure at the two stations (a high index year, denoted NAO+) leads to increased westerlies and, consequently, cool summers and mild and wet winters in Central Europe and its Atlantic façade. In contrast, if the index is low (NAO-), westerlies are suppressed, these areas suffer cold winters and storms track southerly toward the
Mediterranean Sea. This brings increased storm activity and rainfall to southern Europe and North Africa.
Especially during the months of November to April, the NAO is responsible for much of the variability of weather in the North Atlantic region, affecting wind speed and wind direction changes, changes in temperature and moisture distribution and the intensity, number and track of storms.
Although having a less direct influence than for Western Europe, the NAO is also believed to have an impact on the weather over much of eastern North America. During the winter, when the index is high (NAO+), the Icelandic low draws a stronger southwesterly circulation over the eastern half of the North American continent which prevents Arctic air from plunging southward. In combination with the
El Niño-Southern Oscillation, this effect can produce significantly warmer winters over much of the United States and southern Canada.
Related material
External links
- The Climate Analysis Group at the University of Reading's description of the North Atlantic Oscillation
- UK's climatic research unit information sheet on the NAO
- Overview paper on the NAO from the USA's National Center for Atmospheric Research
- The North Atlantic Oscillation by Martin Visbeck
- Overview of Climate Indices
CRU Information Sheet no. 11: North Atlantic Oscillation
Climatic Research Unit: Information sheets 11: North Atlantic Oscillation Tim Osborn What is the NAO and how does it affect climate? The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is a large ...
Welcome to the North Atlantic Oscillation www-page
N orth A tlantic O scillation. The NAO is the dominant mode of winter climate variability in the North Atlantic region ranging from central North America to Europe and much into ...
Climate Prediction Center - Teleconnections: North Atlantic ...
... Climate & Weather Linkage > Teleconnections > North Atlantic Oscillation ... The daily NAO index correpsponds to the NAO patterns, which vary from one ...
for_nao
seasonal forecasts of extreme weather events ... 16th September 2008; North Atlantic Oscillation Forecast for Winter 2008/9
North Atlantic oscillation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The North Atlantic oscillation (NAO) is a climatic phenomenon in the North Atlantic Ocean of fluctuations in the difference of sea-level pressure between the Icelandic Low and the ...
Tiempo Climate Portal, North Atlantic Oscillation
Featured sites. The OzoneAction Education Pack provides primary school teachers with practical, hands-on and entertaining curricula material to educate their students about ozone ...
Climate Prediction Center - North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)
HOME > Monitoring and Data > Oceanic & Atmospheric Data > Northern Hemisphere Teleconnection Patterns > North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)
Metcheck.com - Global Weather Teleconnections (North Atlantic ...
NAO - North Atlantic Oscillation AO - Arctic Oscillation PNA - Pacific North America Pattern You can check the latest recordings for the past three months on this page.
North Atlantic Oscillation
NAO data
Decadal trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation and relationships to regional temperature and precipitation. Science 269, 676-679. Jones, P.D., Jónsson, T. and Wheeler, D., 1997:
